我国老年人认知水平变化轨迹及其分化

目的 探究影响我国老年人认知水平的变化趋势，分离出年龄、队列效应。方法 基于CLHLS（2002—2018）多重队列追踪数据，以Stata16.0软件为工具，运用分层生长曲线模型进行统计分析。结果 本研究发现，个体行为生活方式、社会经济地位、性别、慢性病数量对认知水平均具有统计学意义；年龄、队列对认知水平的变化具有独立效应；随着年龄的增长，我国老年人认知水平下降，认知水平的城乡、性别差异明显；较年轻出生队列的老年人认知水平较好，认知水平的城乡差异随着队列的年轻化而变大，性别差异在较年轻队列有略微缩小的趋势。结论 影响认知水平因素复杂，认知障碍会增加医疗成本及照护负担，因此需准确把握老年认知水平的变化规律与作用路径，从而为卫生服务、养老保障、长期医疗照护的资源配置提供科学依据。     

综合视觉训练治疗弱视患者的依从性和疗效及相关性

目的：分析综合视觉训练治疗弱视患者的依从性及疗效。

方法：前瞻性研究。选取我院2018-07/2019-08诊治的弱视患者200例294眼，按数字表法随机分为对照组98例140眼予以传统综合视觉训练，试验组102例154眼予以智能化多维综合视觉训练，观察两组患者疗效和患者依从性及相关性。

结果：试验组患者总有效率和高依从性(93.5%、45.1%)均高于对照组(80.0%、35.7%)(均P<0.05)。不同年龄、弱视类型、弱视程度、注视性质以及依从性患者疗效比较均有差异(均P<0.001)。患者年龄、弱视程度与疗效呈负相关(r=-0.342、-0.459，均P<0.001)； 依从性与疗效呈正相关(r=0.378，P<0.001)。 3～6岁患者依从性更好，其次为7～10岁患者(P<0.05)； 患者年龄与治疗依从性呈负相关(r=-0.398，P<0.001)。

结论：智能化多维综合视觉训练能够提高弱视患者依从性，获得更好疗效。弱视患者疗效与患者年龄、弱视类型、弱视程度、注视性质及依从性密切相关，依从性又与年龄相关，临床应针对这些特征，尽早予以治疗。     

Polyvictimization and Psychiatric Sequelae Associated with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C)

Female Genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is associated with enduring psychiatric complications. In this study, we investigate the rates of co-morbid abuses and polyvictimization experienced by survivors of FGM/C. This is a sub-analysis of a cohort study examining the patient population at the EMPOWER Center for Survivors of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Violence in New York City. A retrospective chart-review of electronic medical records was conducted for all consenting adult patients who had FGM/C and had an intake visit between January 16, 2014 and March 6, 2020. Of the 80 participants, ages ranged from 20 to 62 years with a mean of 37.4 (SD?=?9.1) years. In addition to FGM/C, participants were victims of physical abuse (43; 53.8%), emotional abuse (35; 43.8%), sexual abuse (35; 43.8%), forced marriage (20; 25%), child marriage (13; 16.3%), and sex trafficking (1; 1.4%). There was a high degree of polyvictimization, with 41 (51.2%) experiencing 3 or more of the aforementioned abuses. Having FGM/C on or after age 13 or having a higher total abuse score was also found to be strong predictors of depression and PTSD. The high rates of polyvictimization among survivors of FGM/C are associated with development of depression and PTSD. Despite co-morbid abuses, patients still attribute substantial psychiatric symptoms to their FGM/C. Health care providers should understand the high risk of polyvictimization when caring for this patient population.

     

Effect of iron deficiency without anaemia on days alive and out of hospital in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery

Comprehensive evidence regarding the treatment of non-anaemic iron deficiency in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the association between non-anaemic iron deficiency and postoperative outcomes in these patients. We retrospectively analysed 321 patients of which 180 (56%) had iron deficiency (defined as serum ferritin < 100 ng.ml^-1 or < 300 ng.ml^-1 with transferrin saturation < 20%). While the iron-deficient group had lower pre-operative haemoglobin levels than the non-iron deficient group (median (IQR [range]) 134 (127–141 [120–172]) g.l^-1, 143 (133–150 [120–179]) g.l^-1, p = 0.001), there was no between-group difference in allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Median (IQR [range]) days alive and out of hospital at postoperative day 90 was 1 day shorter in the iron-deficient group (80 (77–82 [9–85]) days vs. 81 (79–83 [0–85]) days, p = 0.026). In multivariable analysis, only cardiopulmonary bypass duration (p = 0.032) and intra-operative allogeneic red blood cell transfusion (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with reduced days alive and out of hospital at postoperative day 90. Iron deficiency did not exert any adverse influence on secondary outcomes except length of hospital stay. Our findings indicate that non-anaemic iron deficiency alone is not associated with adverse effects in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery when it does not translate into an increased risk of allogeneic transfusion.     

Exploring the potential of exosomes in diagnosis and drug delivery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a cancer of the digestive system, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for approximately 90% of all PC cases. Exosomes derived from PDAC (PDAC-exosomes) promote PDAC development and metastasis. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells, which can carry biologically active molecules and mediate communication and cargo transportation among cells. Recent studies have focused on transforming exosomes into good drug delivery systems (DDSs) to improve the clinical treatment of PDAC. This review considers PDAC as the main research object to introduce the role of PDAC-exosomes in PDAC development and metastasis. This review focuses on the following two themes: (a) the great potential of PDAC-exosomes as new diagnostic markers for PDAC, and (b) the transformation of exosomes into potential DDSs.     

一例EB病毒阳性Richter综合征病例报道并文献复习

经典的Richter综合征(Richter’s symdrome, RS)是指慢性淋巴细胞白血病 (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CLL)向侵袭性淋巴瘤转化,其生存时间短,治疗效果差,尚未有统一的治疗方案。现报道一例EB病毒阳性Richter综合征病例并对RS的诊疗进展,特别是靶向药物时代RS诊治变化进行文献复习。     

从新型冠状病毒肺炎的寒疫病机探析清肺排毒汤的组方机制

在《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》中推荐的清肺排毒汤,临床观察疗效显著。笔者拟探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的寒疫病机以及清肺排毒汤的方药组成机制,认为该方能疏解表里、通调三焦,具有宣肺行气、透邪解毒、润燥化湿、逐水泻热的功效,切合COVID-19寒、燥、湿的病机特点,且能有效的针对症状进行治疗,应推广全国各地广泛使用以遏制疫情蔓延。     

疏肝健脾颗粒治疗38例乳腺癌癌因性疲乏肝郁脾虚证患者的临床疗效

目的观察疏肝健脾颗粒剂(Shugan Jianpi Granule,SGJP)治疗乳腺癌癌因性疲乏(breast cancer related fatigue,BCRF)的临床疗效。方法采用单臂临床试验方法,纳入40例BCRF肝郁脾虚证患者,服用SGJP 8周,观察治疗前及治疗后4、8、12周Piper疲乏自评量表(PFS)、体能状况(ECOG)评分、中医证候量表、综合性医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)评分、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分及血尿便常规、生化等安全性指标。结果38例患者完成全部随访,2例发生脱落。PFS、中医证候量表、HAD焦虑量表评分均在试验第4、8、12周显著下降,ECOG评分、HAD抑郁量表均在试验第8、12周显著下降,PSQI评分在治疗第12周显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在整个随访过程中,所有患者在治疗后未出现明显血常规、尿便常规及生化指标异常。结论SGJP可以减轻乳腺癌患者的疲乏,增强体力,改善焦虑抑郁及睡眠质量,值得临床借鉴。